Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta glucans are polysaccharides found in the cell walls of cereals, bacteria, and fungi, and have been studied for their immunomodulatory effects. The use of beta glucans for the prevention of colds is primarily justified by scientific research, though the level of evidence is moderate and not definitive. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses suggest that beta glucans, particularly those derived from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), may reduce the incidence and severity of upper respiratory tract infections, including the common cold, especially in individuals experiencing physical or psychological stress. Proposed mechanisms include enhanced activity of macrophages, natural killer cells, and neutrophils, contributing to a more effective immune response against pathogens.

However, results across studies are mixed, with some showing statistically significant benefits in reducing cold episodes and others finding minimal or no effect compared to placebo. The quality of studies varies, and many have small sample sizes or potential conflicts of interest. Leading health organizations generally consider beta glucans to be safe as a supplement, but they do not officially endorse them for cold prevention due to insufficient robust evidence. In summary, while there is some scientific support for the use of beta glucans in cold prevention, more large-scale, independent clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and establish optimal dosing.

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