Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Fungi, particularly medicinal mushrooms such as Ganoderma lucidum (reishi), Cordyceps, Trametes versicolor (turkey tail), and Lentinula edodes (shiitake), have been explored for their immunomodulatory properties. The rationale behind their use in autoimmune disorders stems from their content of bioactive polysaccharides (notably beta-glucans) and triterpenoids, which can influence immune system activity. Several preclinical studies (in vitro and animal models) show that these compounds may help modulate immune responses, potentially reducing aberrant inflammation associated with autoimmunity by balancing Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles or enhancing regulatory T cell activity. Some small clinical studies and pilot trials suggest possible benefits in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis; however, these studies generally involve small sample sizes, lack rigorous controls, or are of short duration. Systematic reviews consistently highlight the paucity of high-quality human data, with most existing evidence being preliminary and not definitive.

Overall, while there is a scientific basis and some early-stage research supporting the immunomodulatory effects of certain fungi, robust clinical validation in human autoimmune disorders is lacking. Their use is not part of standard medical guidelines for autoimmune diseases, and findings must be interpreted cautiously until large, well-controlled clinical trials are conducted.

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