Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

European Elder (Sambucus nigra) has a long history of traditional use in Europe for treating respiratory ailments, including colds. In recent years, scientific studies have investigated its potential for cold prevention and treatment. The evidence supporting its use is moderate (rated 3 out of 5). Several randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials have found that elderberry extract may reduce the duration and severity of cold symptoms in adults and children. For example, a 2016 meta-analysis (Complement Ther Med. 2016;25:163-174) concluded that elderberry supplementation significantly reduced upper respiratory symptoms. Proposed mechanisms include elderberry's high content of flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins, which may have antiviral effects and modulate the immune response.

However, most available studies are small, often funded by supplement manufacturers, and focus on symptom reduction rather than true prevention. There is a lack of large, independent, well-designed clinical trials specifically assessing elderberry for cold prevention. While laboratory research has shown elderberry extracts can inhibit common cold viruses in vitro, in vivo data are still limited.

In summary, European Elder is supported by both tradition and a growing body of scientific evidence for its role in reducing cold symptoms, though its effectiveness for outright prevention remains less certain. Its use appears to be generally safe for short-term use, but more robust clinical trials are needed to fully establish its preventive benefits.

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