Evidence supporting the use of: Theophylline
For the health condition: Wheezing
Synopsis
Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3
Theophylline is a methylxanthine drug with a long history of use as a bronchodilator in the treatment of respiratory conditions associated with wheezing, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Its mechanism of action involves non-selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzymes, resulting in increased intracellular cyclic AMP, leading to relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and bronchodilation. Theophylline has also been shown to possess mild anti-inflammatory effects and improve diaphragmatic contractility, which can further assist in alleviating symptoms of airway obstruction.
While theophylline was once a mainstay of asthma management, its use has declined in recent decades due to the development of more effective and safer medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and beta-2 agonists. The therapeutic window for theophylline is narrow, and toxicity can result in serious side effects, including cardiac arrhythmias and seizures. Nevertheless, there is scientific evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses supporting its efficacy in improving lung function and reducing wheeze in some patients, particularly in settings where access to newer therapies is limited or as adjunctive therapy in severe disease.
The overall quality of evidence is moderate, and current guidelines recommend theophylline as a second- or third-line option due to its risk profile. Its use for wheezing is therefore scientifically validated, though not preferred in most modern clinical settings.
Other health conditions supported by Theophylline
AsthmaBronchitis
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
Congestive Heart Failure
Emphysema
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Wheezing