Evidence supporting the use of: Ephedrine
For the health condition: Wheezing

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that has been used medically for many decades, particularly in the treatment of asthma and wheezing. Its primary mechanism of action is as a non-selective adrenergic agonist, which stimulates both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to bronchodilation. This bronchodilatory effect helps to open airways, making it easier to breathe and reducing wheezing, which is a common symptom in asthma and other obstructive airway diseases.

Historically, ephedrine is derived from the plant Ephedra sinica (ma huang), which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years to treat respiratory conditions, including wheezing and shortness of breath. In the early to mid-20th century, ephedrine was commonly used in Western medicine as an oral bronchodilator, especially before the advent of more selective beta-2 agonists like albuterol (salbutamol).

However, scientific evidence supporting its use is moderate. Clinical studies from the mid-20th century demonstrated that ephedrine is effective at reducing bronchospasm and improving airflow, but its side effect profile—such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, and CNS stimulation—limited its use. With the development of more selective and safer agents, ephedrine’s use for wheezing has declined. Guidelines no longer recommend its routine use, but its pharmacological rationale is well-established and historical data confirm its efficacy.

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