Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a compound found primarily in the rind of the Garcinia cambogia fruit. Its use for weight loss is primarily supported by scientific interest and research, rather than traditional medicine. HCA is believed to work by inhibiting an enzyme called ATP-citrate lyase, which plays a role in the body's fat production process. Additionally, it has been proposed to help suppress appetite by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

Numerous animal studies have shown some potential for HCA to reduce body weight and decrease food intake. However, human clinical trials have produced mixed results. Some randomized controlled trials have reported modest reductions in body weight and fat mass compared to placebo, while others have found no significant effect. A 2011 meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials concluded that HCA might cause short-term weight loss, but the effect is small and not likely to be clinically relevant. Most studies note considerable variability in results, often due to differences in study duration, sample size, diet, and the formulation of Garcinia cambogia extracts used.

Adverse effects are generally mild but can include digestive symptoms, headache, and in rare cases, liver toxicity. Overall, while there is scientific interest and some preliminary evidence, the quality and consistency of the supporting data are weak, and HCA is not broadly recommended as an effective weight loss supplement based on current evidence.

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