Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Three-leaf akebia (Akebia trifoliata) has a long-standing place in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), where it is known as "Mutong." Historically, it has been used as a herbal remedy to promote urination, clear heat, and relieve dribbling or painful urination—symptoms commonly associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). The traditional use is primarily based on empirical practices and ancient medical texts, rather than modern scientific validation. Pharmacological studies on Akebia trifoliata are limited, but some research suggests that extracts from the plant may possess mild diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties, which could theoretically support its historical use for urinary complaints. However, these studies are preliminary, often conducted in vitro or in animal models, and do not directly demonstrate clinical efficacy against UTIs in humans. No high-quality clinical trials or systematic reviews currently exist to confirm that three-leaf akebia is effective or safe for treating urinary tract infections. Thus, its use for UTIs remains primarily justified by tradition, with only low-level evidence supporting its pharmacological activity. Importantly, some species referred to as "Mutong" have been linked to nephrotoxicity due to the presence of aristolochic acids, underscoring the need for careful sourcing and caution. Overall, while traditional use is well-documented, scientific validation is minimal.

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