Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Birch (Betula spp.) has been used in traditional herbal medicine, particularly in Europe, to support urinary tract health and treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). The leaves of birch trees have a long history of use as a mild diuretic ("urinary flushing agent") intended to increase urine flow and thereby help clear the urinary tract of pathogens and reduce inflammation. This use is documented in various ethnobotanical sources, as well as traditional pharmacopeias such as the German Commission E, which approved birch leaf for flushing therapy in urinary tract infections and kidney gravel (small kidney stones), provided there is adequate fluid intake and no edema due to impaired heart or kidney function. Scientific validation for birch’s effectiveness specifically in treating UTIs is limited. Some in vitro studies indicate that birch leaves contain compounds (such as flavonoids, betulin, and tannins) with mild anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, there is a lack of rigorous clinical trials directly demonstrating efficacy against UTIs in humans. Most support for its use is based on its diuretic action and historical usage rather than robust evidence of antibacterial effects or improved outcomes in UTI treatment. In summary, while birch is traditionally used for urinary tract health, and some pharmacological properties may support its historical use, the evidence is not strong by modern clinical standards.

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