Thymic peptides, such as thymosin alpha-1 and thymopentin, have been investigated as immunomodulatory agents in the context of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). The rationale is based on their ability to enhance T-cell mediated immunity, which is crucial in the host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Several small clinical studies and experimental models have explored their adjunctive use alongside standard anti-TB therapy. Some studies suggest that thymic peptides may accelerate sputum conversion and improve immune parameters, potentially leading to better outcomes in patients with active pulmonary TB, particularly in immunocompromised populations. However, the evidence is limited by small sample sizes, lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials, and methodological limitations. Systematic reviews note the need for larger, well-designed studies to confirm any clinical benefit. To date, their use is not part of standard guidelines, but there is a modest scientific basis for continued research. Traditional medicine systems do not specifically reference thymic peptides for TB treatment. Thus, while there is some scientific investigation and theoretical support, the evidence remains preliminary, meriting a low-to-moderate rating in terms of validation.