Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is used as an adjunctive therapy in certain cases of tuberculosis (TB), particularly in patients with multidrug-resistant TB or those with impaired immune responses. The scientific rationale for its use stems from its critical role in activating macrophages and enhancing the cell-mediated immune response necessary to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Several small clinical trials and case reports have investigated the efficacy of IFN-γ in TB management, especially for patients who do not respond to standard anti-TB drugs. These studies suggest that IFN-γ therapy may improve microbiological clearance and clinical outcomes in select refractory cases. However, larger randomized controlled trials are lacking, and its use is not part of routine TB treatment protocols recommended by major health organizations. The evidence supporting its use is thus moderate but not definitive, warranting a rating of 3 out of 5. IFN-γ is not used as a first-line therapy but may be considered in special clinical circumstances where conventional treatments fail. Ongoing research continues to evaluate its safety, efficacy, and optimal indications in TB management.

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