Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Sterols, specifically plant sterols and stanols (also known as phytosterols), are substances found naturally in plants that are structurally similar to cholesterol. Their primary, well-documented use is in lowering LDL cholesterol levels, which has been endorsed by organizations such as the American Heart Association. The mechanism involves phytosterols competing with dietary cholesterol for absorption in the intestines, leading to decreased cholesterol absorption and lower blood cholesterol levels.

Regarding high triglycerides, the scientific evidence is less robust. Some studies have evaluated whether plant sterol supplementation can also lower triglyceride levels. A meta-analysis published in Atherosclerosis (2016) concluded that plant sterols and stanols resulted in a modest reduction in triglyceride levels, particularly in individuals with elevated baseline triglycerides. The average reduction was generally small (in the range of 6–9%). Other studies have found minimal or no significant effect on triglycerides, with the primary benefit remaining on LDL cholesterol.

Overall, while there is some scientific evidence suggesting sterols may have a modest triglyceride-lowering effect, this is not as well established or as significant as their effect on cholesterol. Therefore, plant sterols may be considered as an adjunctive option for individuals with mildly elevated triglycerides, but they are not a first-line therapy. The evidence supporting this use is moderate, meriting a rating of 3 out of 5.

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