Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have substantial scientific evidence supporting their use in reducing elevated triglyceride levels. Numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that supplementation with marine-derived omega-3 PUFAs can lower serum triglycerides by 20-30% in hypertriglyceridemic individuals. The mechanism is thought to involve reduced hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and increased clearance of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles from the bloodstream. The American Heart Association and other clinical guidelines recommend prescription-strength omega-3 fatty acid formulations as an adjunct to diet for patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (>500 mg/dL), given the robust evidence base.

While plant-based PUFAs (such as alpha-linolenic acid) may have modest effects, the strongest data pertains to marine sources. Some over-the-counter fish oil supplements can also lower triglycerides, though prescription forms are standardized for purity and dosage. Importantly, not all PUFAs have the same effect; omega-6 PUFAs do not consistently lower triglycerides. Overall, the use of omega-3 PUFAs for managing high triglycerides is well supported by scientific research and reflected in clinical guidelines, with evidence quality rated as strong.

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