Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, closely related to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the better-known omega-3s found in fish oil. There is a moderate level of scientific evidence supporting the use of omega-3 fatty acids, including ETA, in lowering high triglyceride levels. Most clinical studies and regulatory approvals (such as those by the FDA) focus on EPA and DHA, with some animal and emerging human data suggesting that ETA may have similar triglyceride-lowering effects.

ETA is found in small amounts in fish oil and certain marine organisms such as New Zealand green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus). Some research suggests that ETA can inhibit enzymes involved in synthesizing inflammatory eicosanoids and may also reduce hepatic triglyceride synthesis. However, direct evidence from large-scale, randomized controlled trials specifically using ETA (as opposed to EPA or DHA) for triglyceride reduction in humans is limited. Most of the scientific rationale for ETA's use is extrapolated from its structural similarity and partial metabolic conversion to EPA.

Overall, while there is some scientific underpinning for the use of ETA to manage high triglycerides, it is not as robust or well-established as for EPA and DHA. The evidence base is growing but currently warrants a moderate (3/5) rating.

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