Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) is sometimes used as an adjunctive treatment for thrush (oral or vaginal candidiasis), primarily due to its well-documented in vitro antifungal properties. Several laboratory studies have demonstrated that tea tree oil and its main active component, terpinen-4-ol, can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans and other Candida species, which are the pathogens responsible for thrush. However, clinical evidence in humans is limited and mixed. A few small clinical trials and case reports suggest that topical or intravaginal application of tea tree oil formulations may reduce symptoms or fungal load in vaginal candidiasis. For example, some studies have reported moderate efficacy when used in suppository or gel form, though results are not consistent and adverse effects such as irritation have been documented.

For oral thrush, evidence is even more sparse, and direct application of tea tree oil to mucous membranes is generally not recommended due to its potential toxicity if ingested and risk of mucosal irritation. Major clinical guidelines do not currently endorse tea tree oil as a first-line or routine treatment for thrush. Thus, while there is scientific rationale based on laboratory results and some preliminary clinical data, the overall quality and quantity of human evidence is insufficient to strongly support its use. Further, safety concerns limit its routine application, especially in oral settings.

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