Muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides), often referred to as "potency wood," is a plant native to the Amazon rainforest. Traditionally, it has been used in Brazilian folk medicine as an aphrodisiac and remedy for sexual dysfunctions, including low libido and erectile difficulties. The use of muira puama to support or treat low testosterone is primarily rooted in these traditional practices rather than robust scientific validation. Historical records and ethnobotanical surveys report its application to enhance sexual function and improve overall vitality, which is sometimes interpreted as indirectly supporting testosterone health. However, the actual mechanisms by which muira puama may influence testosterone levels specifically are not well established in the scientific literature.

Modern research on muira puama is limited, and most studies involve small sample sizes or animal models. Some studies suggest potential pro-sexual effects—such as increased libido or improved erectile response—but do not provide direct evidence of increased testosterone production or significant hormonal modulation. Systematic reviews note the paucity of high-quality clinical trials addressing its effects on testosterone specifically. Thus, while muira puama remains popular in traditional medicine for male vitality, current evidence does not robustly support its efficacy for treating low testosterone, and its use in this regard is primarily based on traditional rather than scientific grounds.