Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Guaranine is the principal active compound found in guarana (Paullinia cupana), and it is chemically identical to caffeine. Its use to support the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) has scientific justification, primarily due to its stimulant effects on the central nervous system, which in turn activate the SNS. Multiple studies demonstrate that guaranine (caffeine) increases the release of catecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, leading to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness. These physiological responses are hallmarks of SNS activation, commonly known as the "fight or flight" response.

Caffeine’s mechanism of action involves antagonism of adenosine receptors, resulting in reduced inhibitory neurotransmission and increased neuronal firing. This indirectly promotes the release of excitatory neurotransmitters and enhances sympathetic outflow. Clinical trials have shown that caffeine ingestion leads to measurable increases in SNS biomarkers, including plasma catecholamines and cardiovascular parameters.

However, while the evidence for acute SNS activation is strong, the utility of chronic guaranine use for supporting the SNS is less clear and may be associated with tolerance or adverse effects. Most research focuses on short-term outcomes, such as increased energy, enhanced physical performance, and improved cognitive alertness. Thus, scientific evidence for guaranine’s ability to support the SNS is rated as moderate (3/5), reflecting robust data for acute stimulation but limited support for long-term benefits.

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