Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), particularly BMP-2 and BMP-7, are well-validated biological agents used to stimulate bone healing and regeneration, especially in surgical settings. BMPs are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily and were first identified in the 1960s for their ability to induce new bone formation. Their clinical utility is supported by numerous animal studies and human clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in promoting bone growth, especially in cases of spinal fusion surgeries, non-union fractures, and certain maxillofacial and orthopedic procedures.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and rhBMP-7 for specific indications, such as spinal fusion and treatment of long bone nonunions. Clinical studies have shown that BMPs enhance the rate and quality of bone regeneration, sometimes offering outcomes comparable to or better than traditional bone grafting techniques. However, their use is also associated with specific risks and complications, such as inflammation, ectopic bone formation, and, rarely, increased cancer risk, which has led to ongoing evaluation of their indications and safety profiles.

Overall, the use of BMPs in surgical healing is strongly supported by scientific evidence, though careful patient selection and risk assessment are necessary. Their role is particularly prominent where traditional bone grafts are not viable or have failed.

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