Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, lycopene, and lutein, are pigments found in many fruits and vegetables and have antioxidant properties. Scientific research has evaluated their potential role in protecting the skin against sunburn, primarily due to their ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species generated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Several randomized controlled trials and reviews suggest that supplementation with carotenoids, particularly beta-carotene and lycopene, can increase the minimal erythema dose (MED)—the amount of UV radiation required to cause visible redness or sunburn—in humans. Studies typically report that consistent supplementation over a period of at least 10 weeks is required to see significant photoprotective effects.

However, the evidence is moderate and does not suggest that carotenoids can replace topical sunscreens or other sun protection measures. The protective effect is modest and appears to depend on the dosage, duration, and specific carotenoid used. Meta-analyses indicate that carotenoids may reduce the risk or severity of sunburn, but they are not sufficient as a standalone intervention.

In summary, while there is scientific validation for the use of carotenoids in supporting the prevention of sunburn, the effect is not strong enough to warrant their use as a primary protective strategy. Their main benefit lies in their adjunctive role, possibly complementing other sun protection methods.

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