Collagen is a protein that serves as a primary structural component of connective tissues in the body, including skin, bones, tendons, and cartilage. Its use as a dietary supplement to support the structural system (bones, joints, and connective tissue) is supported by a growing body of scientific evidence, though the degree of benefit and optimal application is still under investigation.

Several randomized controlled trials have shown that hydrolyzed collagen supplementation can improve joint pain and function, particularly in individuals with osteoarthritis or joint discomfort from physical activity. For example, a 2018 review in Current Medical Research and Opinion found modest improvements in joint pain and function with daily collagen supplementation. Further, some studies suggest collagen peptides may support bone health by stimulating osteoblast activity and increasing bone mineral density, especially in postmenopausal women.

However, while the mechanism is plausible and early data are promising, the overall quality and quantity of evidence are moderate. Many studies are small, industry-funded, or lack long-term follow-up. Thus, while there is reasonable scientific validation for collagen's supportive role in the structural system, further large-scale and independent trials are warranted to confirm its effectiveness and define precise recommendations.