Polygonum is a genus that includes several species commonly used in traditional medicine systems, particularly Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The most notable species are Polygonum multiflorum (He Shou Wu) and Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese Knotweed). In TCM, various Polygonum species are employed to "tonify" the body, with He Shou Wu traditionally used to nourish the blood, support liver and kidney health, and indirectly benefit the Spleen system. The Spleen in TCM is associated with digestion, nutrient absorption, and overall vitality, and herbs that are said to "tonify the blood" are often believed to support the Spleen's functions.

Historical texts and modern TCM practitioners suggest that Polygonum helps address symptoms like fatigue and weakness, which are interpreted as signs of Spleen deficiency. However, the rationale is based on traditional energetic concepts rather than identifiable physiological mechanisms.

There is limited scientific evidence directly linking Polygonum species to measurable improvements in spleen health or function according to modern biomedical standards. Most research focuses on other potential activities, such as antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, the use of Polygonum to support the Spleen is justified chiefly by traditional practice rather than scientific validation.