Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Adrenaline (epinephrine) is primarily used in the management of anaphylactic reactions, which can occur as a severe complication of snakebite, particularly when antivenom is administered and triggers hypersensitivity or allergic reactions. There is robust scientific evidence supporting the use of adrenaline for the treatment of anaphylaxis, including that related to snakebite. The World Health Organization (WHO) and numerous clinical guidelines recommend intramuscular adrenaline as the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, including anaphylaxis precipitated by snake venom or antivenom administration. However, adrenaline is not used to directly neutralize snake venom or treat the systemic effects of envenomation itself (such as neurotoxicity, coagulopathy, or local tissue damage). Its role is supportive, specifically in managing potentially life-threatening allergic reactions. The evidence rating is high (4/5) for its use in this context, as its safety and efficacy in anaphylaxis are well established, but it should not be confused with being an antidote to snake venom. Thus, while adrenaline does not treat the envenomation per se, its inclusion as a supportive measure in snakebite management protocols is based on strong scientific evidence for its ability to reverse anaphylactic shock.

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