Sodium butyrate is a salt form of butyric acid, a short-chain fatty acid produced naturally in the colon by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber. Its primary role in the gut is well-documented, particularly in the large intestine (colon), where it serves as the main energy source for colonocytes and plays a critical role in maintaining mucosal integrity, modulating inflammation, and supporting barrier function. However, emerging research also suggests benefits for the small intestine. Preclinical and some clinical studies indicate that sodium butyrate can enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier, reduce inflammation, and promote healing of the gut lining in various intestinal models, including the small intestine (Frontiers in Nutrition, 2021; Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 2018).

Specifically, sodium butyrate has been shown to upregulate tight junction proteins, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stimulate repair mechanisms in the epithelial cells of the small intestine. Its anti-inflammatory and barrier-supporting effects are considered beneficial for conditions like leaky gut and small intestinal inflammation. While the bulk of high-quality human trials focus on colon health, there is a growing body of mechanistic and animal studies supporting small intestine benefits. Thus, the use of sodium butyrate for supporting small intestinal health is rooted in scientific evidence, though more human trials focused specifically on the small intestine are needed to achieve the highest level of validation.