Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Prebiotics are nondigestible food components, typically fibers such as inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and galactooligosaccharides (GOS), that selectively promote the growth and activity of beneficial gut bacteria. There is substantial scientific evidence supporting the use of prebiotics for supporting the health and function of the small intestine. Prebiotics reach the small intestine largely intact, where they can modulate the gut microbiota composition, particularly by stimulating the growth of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. These beneficial bacteria, in turn, produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate, which support intestinal barrier function, reduce inflammation, and enhance nutrient absorption. Multiple randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews have demonstrated that prebiotic supplementation can positively influence gut microbiota diversity, improve intestinal barrier integrity, and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal disorders such as infections and inflammatory conditions. For example, studies have shown prebiotics can help manage symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and prevent the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria in the small intestine. Furthermore, the World Gastroenterology Organisation recognizes prebiotics for their role in gut health, including the small intestine. However, the strength of evidence can vary depending on the specific type of prebiotic and the population studied. Overall, the scientific consensus supports the use of prebiotics as beneficial for small intestinal health, meriting a high evidence rating.

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