Growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), play a crucial role in the maintenance and repair of the small intestine. Scientific studies, particularly in animal models and some human clinical contexts, have demonstrated that these proteins support mucosal healing, stimulate cell proliferation, and enhance barrier function in the intestinal epithelium. For example, EGF has been shown to accelerate the repair of damaged intestinal mucosa after injury or inflammation, as seen in conditions like short bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clinical trials have explored the use of enteral growth factor supplementation in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, with results indicating improved nutrient absorption and mucosal recovery.

Furthermore, preclinical studies consistently report that growth factors help reduce intestinal permeability and promote the regeneration of villi, which are essential for nutrient absorption. In neonatal and pediatric populations, especially those with compromised gut function, supplemental growth factors have been investigated for their potential to reduce the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Although more large-scale human trials are needed for conclusive evidence, the current body of research provides significant scientific support for the use of growth factors in supporting the health and function of the small intestine.