Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3

Lithospermum erythrorhizon, commonly known as "Zi Cao" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has a long history of use for skin conditions, including infections, burns, and ulcers. Its roots contain naphthoquinone compounds such as shikonin and its derivatives, which have been shown in laboratory studies to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Traditional texts describe its application topically for "clearing heat" and "resolving toxins"—terms in TCM that correspond to treating inflammatory and infectious skin disorders. Modern pharmacological research supports that shikonin exhibits antibacterial activity against certain pathogens, notably Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes, and has demonstrated wound healing effects in animal models. However, while in vitro and animal studies are promising, there is a lack of large, high-quality clinical trials in humans to definitively confirm its efficacy and safety for treating skin infections. Thus, the primary justification for its use remains traditional, with moderate scientific support arising from preclinical studies but insufficient clinical validation to elevate the evidence rating further.

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