Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid found in evening primrose oil, borage oil, and black currant seed oil. Its use for supporting skin health, particularly for dry or flaky skin, has some scientific backing, though the evidence is mixed and not unequivocal. Several randomized controlled trials have explored GLA supplementation in conditions like atopic dermatitis (eczema) and general skin dryness. Some studies indicate that GLA can improve skin moisture, reduce transepidermal water loss, and alleviate symptoms of dryness and itchiness, likely due to its anti-inflammatory properties and its role in maintaining skin barrier function. For example, a 2014 meta-analysis found limited but positive effects of GLA supplementation in atopic dermatitis.

However, other systematic reviews have concluded the benefits are modest or inconsistent, with some trials failing to show significant improvements over placebo. The mechanism proposed is that GLA is converted in the body to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), which has anti-inflammatory effects and may enhance ceramide production, crucial for skin barrier integrity. While GLA-containing oils are traditionally used for skin conditions, current evidence supports a moderate benefit, particularly in individuals with certain skin disorders or those who may have impaired fatty acid metabolism. Overall, GLA is scientifically considered a potential supportive agent for dry or flaky skin, but it is not a universally effective treatment.

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