Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

L-carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and L-histidine, found in high concentrations in brain and muscle tissues. Interest in L-carnosine as a supplement for age-related cognitive decline (often referred to as "senility") has grown due to its antioxidant properties, ability to chelate metal ions, and role in reducing advanced glycation end products (AGEs), all processes implicated in aging and neurodegeneration. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that L-carnosine can protect neuronal cells from oxidative stress and beta-amyloid toxicity, mechanisms relevant to Alzheimer's disease and general cognitive decline. A few small human studies and pilot trials have suggested potential cognitive benefits in elderly subjects or patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), such as improved memory or attention. However, these studies are limited in size, duration, and methodological rigor. There are no large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials conclusively establishing L-carnosine’s efficacy in treating or preventing senility or dementia. Overall, while the biological rationale and preliminary evidence are promising, the current level of scientific support is modest; thus, the evidence is rated as 2 out of 5. More robust clinical research is needed before L-carnosine can be confidently recommended for this use.

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