Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Glycolic acid, an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), has scientific support for its use in the management of seborrhea, particularly seborrheic dermatitis. Its main mechanism of action is keratolysis—exfoliating the outer layer of the skin—which helps in reducing scaling and improving the texture of affected areas. Several small clinical studies and case reports have evaluated glycolic acid’s role, mainly as an adjunct therapy. For example, low to moderate concentrations (5–10%) of glycolic acid creams or peels have been shown to decrease scaling and erythema in seborrheic dermatitis, especially on the face and scalp. The acid’s ability to loosen and remove dead skin cells can help manage the hyperkeratosis characteristic of seborrheic conditions. However, the quality and quantity of evidence are limited. Most studies are small, open-label, or lack control groups. There is no robust, large-scale randomized controlled trial data available to firmly establish efficacy or optimal usage protocols. Glycolic acid is not considered a first-line treatment and is usually recommended when standard therapies (such as antifungals and corticosteroids) are insufficient. Overall, while there is a scientific rationale and some clinical evidence supporting its use, the overall strength of evidence is moderate at best.

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