Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) commonly used in dermatology and cosmetic skincare, primarily for its exfoliating properties. Its use for scars and scar tissue has some scientific support, mainly in the treatment of superficial acne scars and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation rather than deep or mature scars. Glycolic acid works by increasing epidermal turnover and promoting the shedding of dead skin cells, which can help in the gradual fading of hyperpigmented marks and improving skin texture. Several clinical studies, including randomized controlled trials, have shown that glycolic acid peels and topical formulations can lead to modest improvements in the appearance of mild atrophic acne scars and pigmented scars by stimulating collagen production and promoting resurfacing of the skin (J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(5):e61-6). However, its effectiveness is limited for deep, hypertrophic, or keloid scars, as it does not penetrate deeply enough to remodel dense scar tissue. Most evidence is for concentration-controlled chemical peels (20–70% glycolic acid) administered under professional supervision. Over-the-counter products with lower concentrations may have only minimal effects. While glycolic acid is a well-established ingredient for skin rejuvenation and superficial scar improvement, the overall evidence base for its use in scar treatment is moderate and largely limited to minor, superficial scars. Thus, its use is scientifically justifiable for mild cases, but expectations should be tempered for more significant scarring.

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