Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Purple butterbur root (Petasites hybridus) has been studied for its potential benefits in treating allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever. The scientific interest stems from butterbur’s active compounds, such as petasin and isopetasin, which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antihistamine-like effects in laboratory studies. Several randomized controlled trials have evaluated butterbur extract (particularly standardized, pyrrolizidine alkaloid-free preparations) for allergic rhinitis.

Notably, a 2002 study published in the British Medical Journal found that butterbur extract was as effective as cetirizine (a common antihistamine) in relieving symptoms, with fewer reports of drowsiness. Other meta-analyses and reviews (e.g., by Timmer et al., 2005) have generally confirmed modest efficacy, though some more recent studies have had mixed results or methodological limitations.

Butterbur is not as widely used in traditional medicine for rhinitis, but its modern popularity is based on these clinical trial results. However, safety concerns exist regarding non-standardized extracts, as crude butterbur preparations may contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Only processed, certified PA-free extracts are considered safe for short-term use.

Overall, the evidence for butterbur’s efficacy in allergic rhinitis is moderate (evidence level 3/5)—some clinical trials support its use, but larger, longer-term, and higher-quality studies are needed to confirm its benefits and establish long-term safety.

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