Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Glycyrrhetinic acid, an active metabolite of glycyrrhizin from licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects in several preclinical and clinical studies. Its use in treating allergic rhinitis (AR) is supported by some scientific evidence, although the overall quality and quantity of studies remain moderate.

Glycyrrhetinic acid acts primarily by inhibiting enzymes involved in inflammation (such as cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase) and modulating immune responses, including reducing the release of histamine and cytokines from mast cells. These actions are relevant to the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis, which involves IgE-mediated inflammation and histamine release.

Clinically, topical nasal sprays containing glycyrrhetinic acid have been studied. For example, a 2016 double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) published in Minerva Pediatrica found that a glycyrrhetinic acid nasal spray significantly reduced nasal symptoms and improved quality of life in children with allergic rhinitis compared to placebo. Other smaller clinical and observational studies have also reported symptomatic improvement and reduction in nasal eosinophils.

However, the evidence base is still limited, with relatively few high-quality, large-scale RCTs. Most studies are of short duration and include small sample sizes. Thus, while the mechanistic rationale and preliminary clinical data are promising, further well-designed trials are required to firmly establish efficacy and safety for this indication.

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