Piper chaba, also known as long pepper, has a history of use in traditional medicine systems, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. In the context of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), traditional Ayurvedic and folk practices have used Piper chaba and related species as part of herbal formulations aimed at alleviating joint pain, inflammation, and swelling. The rationale is often based on its perceived anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, attributed to compounds such as piperine, chavicine, and other alkaloids present in the plant.

However, the scientific evidence supporting its use specifically for RA is limited and primarily based on in vitro or animal studies involving Piper species more broadly, rather than robust human clinical trials with Piper chaba itself. Some studies suggest that extracts from Piper chaba may modulate inflammatory pathways, such as inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines or enzymes like COX-2, but direct evidence in the context of human RA is lacking.

In summary, the use of Piper chaba for RA is justified by traditional usage, with some preclinical support for its anti-inflammatory effects. Nonetheless, the current level of evidence remains low due to the absence of comprehensive clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy in patients with RA.