Marine lipids, particularly those rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been investigated extensively for their role in supporting or treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Numerous randomized controlled trials and several meta-analyses provide scientific validation for their use. The anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids are attributed to their ability to modulate cytokine production, reduce leukocyte chemotaxis, and alter eicosanoid synthesis—mechanisms relevant to the pathophysiology of RA.

Clinical studies have demonstrated that supplementation with marine lipids can lead to modest improvements in clinical outcomes such as morning stiffness, joint pain, and the number of tender joints. Some research also indicates a reduction in the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among patients taking marine lipid supplements. The American College of Rheumatology acknowledges the potential benefit of omega-3 supplementation as an adjunct therapy but does not recommend it as a replacement for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

The evidence supporting marine lipid supplementation is consistent, though the magnitude of benefit is modest. The majority of data comes from studies with well-characterized omega-3 sources (e.g., fish oil), but “marine lipid (unspecified)” is often assumed to carry similar benefits if it contains significant EPA and DHA. Overall, scientific evidence supports the adjunctive use of marine lipids in RA management.