Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid found in oils such as evening primrose oil, borage oil, and black currant seed oil. Its use in supporting or treating Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is primarily based on its potential anti-inflammatory properties. Several clinical studies have explored GLA supplementation in RA patients, with some showing modest improvements in symptoms such as joint pain and stiffness. The proposed mechanism involves GLA's conversion in the body to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), which can subsequently produce anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, potentially countering some processes involved in RA. A 2000 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials reported that GLA supplementation led to statistically significant reductions in pain and joint tenderness compared to placebo, but the effect size was modest and not all studies showed benefit. Guidelines from organizations such as the American College of Rheumatology do not currently recommend GLA as a primary treatment due to insufficient evidence and the small magnitude of benefit. In summary, while there is some scientific evidence supporting the use of GLA in RA, it is limited in strength and consistency. GLA is not recommended as a stand-alone or first-line therapy but may be considered as adjunctive treatment in some cases. More large, well-designed studies are needed to fully establish its role.

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