Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Flavones are a class of polyphenolic compounds found in many plants, including fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs. Their use in the context of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is primarily supported by preclinical scientific research rather than longstanding traditional use. Several in vitro (cell culture) and animal studies have shown that flavones—such as apigenin, luteolin, and baicalein—possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. These compounds have been demonstrated to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and reduce oxidative stress, both of which play key roles in the pathogenesis of RA. For instance, studies involving animal models of RA (such as collagen-induced arthritis in mice) have reported that flavones can reduce joint swelling, cartilage degradation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Mechanistically, flavones appear to downregulate the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is central to inflammation in RA. However, clinical evidence in humans is very limited, with only a few small-scale studies or pilot trials investigating flavones directly in RA patients. In summary, while there is promising preclinical evidence to suggest that flavones may have beneficial effects in RA, robust clinical trials are lacking. Accordingly, the evidence rating is moderate-low (2/5), reflecting the gap between experimental findings and validated therapeutic use in humans.

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