Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Evening Primrose Oil (EPO) is used as a complementary therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) primarily because it contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid thought to have anti-inflammatory properties. There is some scientific evidence to support its use: several small randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have evaluated its effectiveness in reducing RA symptoms such as joint pain, morning stiffness, and swelling.

For instance, a 2000 Cochrane review found that GLA from sources like EPO may result in modest improvements in RA symptoms compared to placebo, although the clinical significance was limited and the studies were generally small and of variable quality. More recent clinical research continues to show mixed results: some studies report slight reductions in pain and disability, while others find no significant benefit. The American College of Rheumatology does not recommend EPO as a standard treatment due to insufficient high-quality evidence.

Adverse effects are generally mild (headache, gastrointestinal upset), but EPO can interact with anticoagulants and anticonvulsants. Overall, while there is some scientific basis for the use of EPO in RA, the evidence is weak and inconsistent, and it should not replace conventional therapy. Its use is mainly as an adjunct, with modest potential benefit in some individuals.

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