Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is an anthocyanin commonly found in deeply colored fruits and vegetables, such as blackberries, blueberries, and purple corn. Scientific interest in C3G for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) arises from its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties demonstrated in preclinical research. Several in vitro and animal studies have shown that C3G can modulate inflammatory pathways, including inhibition of NF-κB activation and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which are key mediators in the pathogenesis of RA. Additionally, C3G has been reported to reduce oxidative stress and protect joint tissues in rodent models of arthritis. However, human clinical data are currently lacking. Most of the evidence supporting C3G’s use for RA is limited to laboratory and animal studies, which do not always translate to efficacy in humans. There are no large-scale, well-controlled clinical trials specifically evaluating C3G supplementation in patients with RA. Thus, while the mechanistic rationale and preclinical data are promising, the evidence base is not yet strong enough for definitive clinical recommendations. The current scientific rating is therefore 2 out of 5, reflecting preliminary support but insufficient human data.

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