Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Andrographolide, a diterpene lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata, has been investigated for its potential in supporting or treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that andrographolide exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities relevant to RA pathogenesis. In animal models, andrographolide has been shown to reduce paw swelling, decrease inflammatory cytokine production (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and suppress joint destruction. Mechanistically, andrographolide appears to inhibit NF-κB signaling and modulate various immune cell functions involved in RA.

Some small-scale clinical trials have evaluated standardized Andrographis paniculata extracts (which contain andrographolide as a main active component) in patients with RA. For example, a double-blind, randomized controlled trial published in 2009 found that patients receiving 100 mg of andrographolide per day for 14 weeks had significant improvements in RA symptoms compared to placebo, including reduced number and severity of swollen joints and improved physician global assessment. However, the overall number of high-quality human studies is limited, and sample sizes have generally been small.

In summary, current evidence for andrographolide in RA is based on a combination of promising preclinical data and a few preliminary clinical studies. While not as robust as established DMARDs or biologics, there is moderate scientific rationale and early clinical support for its use as an adjunct or supportive therapy in RA, warranting further investigation.

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