Petiveria, commonly known as Petiveria alliacea or "anamu," has a longstanding history of traditional use in various cultures, especially in the Caribbean, Central, and South America. In folk medicine, Petiveria is reputed to have a range of medicinal properties, including as an aphrodisiac and to address reproductive health concerns such as menstrual disorders, infertility, and as a uterine tonic. The roots, leaves, and stems are used in decoctions or infusions for these purposes. However, the documentation supporting these uses is mainly based on ethnobotanical surveys and traditional healing practices rather than rigorous scientific studies.

Scientific studies on Petiveria alliacea have focused primarily on its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. There is very limited published research examining its direct effects on the reproductive system in humans or animal models. A few in vitro and animal studies have explored potential hormonal or fertility effects, but results are preliminary and inconclusive. Overall, while Petiveria is traditionally used to support reproductive health, there is insufficient scientific evidence to validate these claims. The evidence rating reflects strong traditional use but a lack of robust scientific support.