Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Melatonin, a hormone primarily known for regulating sleep-wake cycles, also plays a role in the reproductive system, particularly through its influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Scientific studies have shown that melatonin impacts reproductive hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), largely due to its interaction with the circadian system. In women, melatonin is present in follicular fluid and may help protect oocytes against oxidative stress. Some clinical research suggests that melatonin supplementation can improve outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), mainly by acting as an antioxidant.

In men, melatonin's effects on testosterone levels and sperm quality are less clear, with some studies suggesting possible benefits and others finding no significant impact. Melatonin has also been explored for its role in treating reproductive disorders like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis, but evidence is limited and not yet conclusive.

Despite these findings, the overall strength of scientific evidence supporting melatonin as a supplement for reproductive health is modest. Most research consists of small clinical trials or animal studies, and large, well-controlled human studies are lacking. Thus, while there is a scientific rationale and some preliminary evidence, melatonin cannot be considered a proven or primary supplement for reproductive health, and its use for this purpose should be considered experimental or adjunctive rather than standard practice.

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