Chinese Mountain Ant, also referred to as Polyrhachis vicina, has a long-standing use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), particularly as a tonic to support vitality, stamina, and reproductive health. In TCM, it is believed to invigorate the "kidney" system, which is closely linked to reproductive function, sexual health, and hormonal balance. Historical texts and traditional formulations often include mountain ant as an ingredient to address fatigue, infertility, and diminished libido in both men and women.

Scientific research on the reproductive effects of Chinese Mountain Ant is limited and largely preliminary. Some animal studies suggest that extracts may enhance endurance and modulate immune response, but robust clinical evidence in humans is lacking. The primary justification for its use in supporting the reproductive system comes from its traditional reputation rather than from published, peer-reviewed scientific studies. Accordingly, while the traditional use is well-documented and continues to be popular in some herbal practices, the strength of evidence supporting its efficacy for reproductive health is modest.