Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Dithiolthiones, particularly 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T), have been studied for their radioprotective properties in both preclinical and limited clinical settings. The scientific rationale for their use in radiation sickness centers on their ability to induce phase II detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, via activation of the Nrf2 pathway. These enzymes can mitigate oxidative stress and damage caused by ionizing radiation. Animal model studies have demonstrated that pretreatment with dithiolthiones can reduce the severity of radiation-induced injury and improve survival rates. For example, research published in Radiation Research and other peer-reviewed journals has shown that D3T administration prior to radiation exposure can attenuate DNA damage, modulate inflammatory responses, and promote tissue recovery in rodents. However, despite encouraging preclinical data, robust human clinical trial evidence remains limited. Most studies to date have been conducted in vitro or in animal models, with only preliminary assessments in humans. No dithiolthione compound has yet been formally approved by regulatory authorities for the treatment or prevention of acute radiation sickness. Thus, while the scientific foundation for their potential use exists and is promising, the overall level of evidence is moderate and further clinical research is needed to establish efficacy and safety in humans.

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