Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Vitamin B9, also known as folic acid (synthetic form) or folate (natural form), is scientifically validated for use in supporting pregnancy. The primary reason for its use is the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida and anencephaly in the developing fetus. Substantial evidence from randomized controlled trials and large epidemiological studies demonstrates that adequate maternal folate levels before conception and during early pregnancy significantly reduce the risk of NTDs. Based on this evidence, health authorities such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) universally recommend that women of childbearing age consume 400–800 mcg of folic acid daily, starting prior to conception and continuing through at least the first trimester.

Beyond neural tube defects, some studies suggest folic acid supplementation may reduce risks of other congenital anomalies (e.g., some heart defects), preterm birth, and low birth weight, though evidence is strongest and most consistent for NTD prevention. Folate is essential for DNA synthesis, cell division, and growth—all critical processes during pregnancy. Due to its well-established role, many countries have implemented folic acid fortification programs in staple foods, which have led to marked reductions in NTD rates. In summary, folate supplementation during pregnancy is one of the most evidence-backed interventions in prenatal care.

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