Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid primarily found in fish oil. Its use during pregnancy is supported by a moderate level of scientific evidence, mainly as part of combined omega-3 supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Research suggests that EPA, along with DHA, plays a role in fetal neurodevelopment and may help reduce the risk of preterm birth. Some studies have indicated that omega-3 supplementation can modestly lower the risk of early preterm birth and may benefit maternal cardiovascular health. However, most clinical trials and guidelines emphasize DHA as the more critical omega-3 for pregnancy, with EPA often included in supplements to support overall omega-3 status and because it can enhance DHA’s transfer to the fetus.

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and other health authorities acknowledge the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy but do not specifically recommend EPA alone; instead, they recommend a combined intake of EPA and DHA. While there is no strong evidence that EPA alone is essential for pregnancy outcomes, its inclusion with DHA is considered beneficial. Overall, the evidence is moderate (rating 3) and centers on the role of omega-3s in reducing preterm birth risk and supporting fetal development, with EPA’s role being supportive rather than primary.

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