Evidence supporting the use of: Vitex Agnus-Castus
For the health condition: PMS Type D

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree berry) has been used traditionally for various menstrual disturbances, including premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMS Type D is characterized by depressive symptoms such as mood swings, irritability, and low mood, which are thought to be related to fluctuations in neurotransmitters and hormonal imbalance (notably low progesterone and high estrogen). Scientific evidence suggests that Vitex agnus-castus may exert its effects by acting on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, particularly by modulating prolactin secretion through dopaminergic activity. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that Vitex can alleviate global PMS symptoms, including mood disturbances that pertain to PMS Type D, although most studies do not focus exclusively on this subtype.

For example, a 2017 meta-analysis in Phytomedicine reported significant improvement in PMS symptoms, including negative affect, with Vitex compared to placebo. The evidence, however, is limited by heterogeneity in study design, outcome measures, and relatively short duration. Most trials use standardized extracts and doses typically ranging from 20-40 mg daily. The benefit appears to be most notable in patients with moderate to severe PMS. Although the precise mechanism for mood-related symptoms is not fully elucidated, the available scientific evidence supports a moderate effect for Vitex in improving the depressive and affective symptoms of PMS (Type D). Further research is warranted to clarify efficacy specifically for PMS Type D and to understand the underlying mechanisms more clearly.

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