Five-leaf Chastetree (Vitex negundo), although less studied than its close relative Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste Tree), has a history of use in traditional medicine systems, particularly in Asia, for various gynecological conditions, including symptoms related to premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The scientific evidence supporting its use for PMS is limited but not absent. Some pharmacological studies have identified anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hormone-modulating properties in extracts of Vitex negundo that could theoretically benefit PMS-related symptoms such as pain, mood swings, and breast tenderness.

Most clinical research on PMS has focused on Vitex agnus-castus, which has shown efficacy in randomized controlled trials, likely due to its dopaminergic effects on prolactin regulation. For Vitex negundo, animal studies have demonstrated reductions in uterine contractions and alleviation of pain, and some small-scale human studies and case reports have suggested improvements in menstrual symptoms. Nonetheless, the direct clinical evidence for its use in PMS is modest and does not reach the quality or quantity available for Vitex agnus-castus. As a result, while there is a scientific rationale and some supportive data for using Five-leaf Chastetree in PMS, the evidence base is incomplete, and further well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety.