Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is used to support or treat peripheral neuropathy, and this application is grounded in scientific evidence, particularly in cases where neuropathy is associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine is an essential cofactor in carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function. Deficiency—often seen in chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, or malabsorption states—can lead to beriberi, which prominently features peripheral neuropathy as a symptom. Treating thiamine deficiency in these contexts has been shown in clinical studies to improve symptoms of neuropathy. Furthermore, some research has explored the use of benfotiamine (a more bioavailable thiamine derivative) and combination B vitamins (such as B1, B6, and B12) in the management of diabetic neuropathy, with some randomized controlled trials reporting modest symptom improvement, although results are mixed and meta-analyses call for larger, higher-quality studies.

However, for peripheral neuropathy not related to thiamine deficiency, the evidence supporting routine supplementation is less robust. Professional guidelines recommend B1 supplementation only when deficiency is documented or strongly suspected. In summary, the use of vitamin B1 for peripheral neuropathy is scientifically validated in deficiency states, and there is some preliminary evidence for its role in diabetic neuropathy, but overall, the evidence base is moderate.

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