Methylcobalamin is a neurologically active form of vitamin B12 and has been studied for its potential to support or treat peripheral neuropathy. The rationale is rooted in its essential role in myelin sheath formation and neuronal repair. Clinical studies, especially those conducted in Japan and other parts of Asia, demonstrate that methylcobalamin supplementation can improve nerve conduction velocity and reduce neuropathic symptoms in patients with diabetic neuropathy and other forms of peripheral neuropathy. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses suggest moderate benefit, particularly in B12-deficient individuals or where neuropathy is linked to suboptimal B12 levels. The American Academy of Neurology notes that vitamin B12 replacement is indicated for neuropathy specifically caused by deficiency, though evidence for benefit in non-deficient individuals is less robust.

Dicalcium Phosphate, in contrast, is primarily used as a dietary calcium and phosphate supplement and a tablet excipient. It does not have a direct role in treating or supporting peripheral neuropathy and is not recognized in the scientific or traditional literature as treatment for this condition.

In summary, methylcobalamin is scientifically validated as a treatment for peripheral neuropathy in the context of B12 deficiency and has some supportive evidence in idiopathic or diabetic neuropathy, though not all patients will benefit. Dicalcium phosphate does not contribute to neuropathy management.