Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Urolithin A is a gut microbiome-derived metabolite of ellagitannins, found in foods like pomegranates, and has recently garnered attention for its potential neuroprotective effects, including in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Its primary mechanism of interest is the enhancement of mitophagy—the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria—a process that is often impaired in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Preclinical studies, particularly in cellular and animal models, have demonstrated that Urolithin A can promote mitochondrial health, reduce oxidative stress, and improve neuronal cell survival, all of which are relevant to PD pathology. For example, a 2022 study in "Cell Reports Medicine" showed that Urolithin A administration improved mitochondrial function and reduced neurodegeneration in a mouse model of PD. However, clinical evidence in humans remains extremely limited. As of 2024, there are no completed large-scale, peer-reviewed clinical trials directly evaluating Urolithin A for the treatment or prevention of Parkinson's Disease in humans. Thus, while the scientific rationale and preclinical data are promising, the level of evidence supporting Urolithin A’s use for PD is currently preliminary and insufficient for routine clinical recommendation. More robust clinical trials are needed to establish efficacy, safety, dosing, and long-term effects in human PD populations.

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