Evidence supporting the use of: Vitamin K mixed)
For the health condition: Osteoporosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Vitamin K, particularly in its forms K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone), has a scientifically investigated role in bone health and osteoporosis. Multiple observational studies and some clinical trials suggest that Vitamin K is involved in bone metabolism by acting as a cofactor for the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which is necessary for the carboxylation of osteocalcin, a protein critical for bone mineralization. Epidemiological evidence indicates that low Vitamin K status is associated with increased fracture risk and low bone mineral density. Some randomized controlled trials, especially in Japan using high-dose Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-4), have shown reduced vertebral fractures and slowed bone loss in postmenopausal women. However, results are mixed, and studies in Western populations using lower doses have been less consistently positive. Meta-analyses generally support a modest benefit, particularly for Vitamin K2, but also emphasize the need for larger and longer-term trials. While Vitamin K supplementation is not a first-line or universally accepted treatment for osteoporosis, its use as an adjunct is supported by moderate scientific evidence, especially in populations with low dietary intake or increased risk of deficiency. Major guidelines do not currently recommend routine Vitamin K supplementation solely for osteoporosis prevention or treatment.

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